Biology Books
Biologiya fanini o‘rganish asosida o‘quvchilar biologiya sohalari, tiriklik xususiyatlari, biologiyani o‘rganish usullari, biologiya fanining rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shgan o‘zbek olimlari bilan tanishadilar. Tiriklik dunyosi: bakteriyalar, zamburug‘lar, o‘simliklar va hayvonot dunyosi haqida umumiy tushunchalar; dorivor va zaharli o‘simliklar, sporali va urug‘li o‘simliklar haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar, umurtqasiz va umurtqali hayvonlar, o‘simlik va hayvonlar sistematikasi haqida dastlabki tushunchalarga ega bo‘lib boradilar. Darslikning oxirgi bobida ekologik tushunchalar, insonning tabiatga ijobiy va salbiy ta’siri, oziq zanjiri, tabiatni muhofaza qilish, muhofaza qilinadigan hududlar, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi «Qizil kitob»i haqida ma’lumotlarga ega bo‘ladilar.
O‘ylaymizki, biologiya fanini o‘qib chiqqan o‘quvchilar o‘simlik va hayvonot dunyosini asrashga o‘z hissalarini qo‘shadilar.
Biologiya, 5 sinf, Pratov O‘., To‘xtayev A., Azimova F., Tillayeva Z., 2020
Biologiya, 5 sinf, Pratov O‘., To‘xtayev A., Azimova F., Tillayeva Z., 2020.
Учебник по биологии для 5 класса на узбекском языке.
Biologiya fanini o‘rganish asosida o‘quvchilar biologiya sohalari, tiriklik xususiyatlari, biologiyani o‘rganish usullari, biologiya fanining rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shgan o‘zbek olimlari bilan tanishadilar. Tiriklik dunyosi: bakteriyalar, zamburug‘lar, o‘simliklar va hayvonot dunyosi haqida umumiy tushunchalar; dorivor va zaharli o‘simliklar, sporali va urug‘li o‘simliklar haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar, umurtqasiz va umurtqali hayvonlar, o‘simlik va hayvonlar sistematikasi haqida dastlabki tushunchalarga ega bo‘lib boradilar. Darslikning oxirgi bobida ekologik tushunchalar, insonning tabiatga ijobiy va salbiy ta’siri, oziq zanjiri, tabiatni muhofaza qilish, muhofaza qilinadigan hududlar, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi «Qizil kitob»i haqida ma’lumotlarga ega bo‘ladilar.
O‘ylaymizki, biologiya fanini o‘qib chiqqan o‘quvchilar o‘simlik va hayvonot dunyosini asrashga o‘z hissalarini qo‘shadilar.
Tirik organizmlarning xususiyatlari.
Tirik organizmlar jonsiz tabiatdan farqlanib, quyidagi asosiy xususiyatlarga ega:
1. Moddalar almashinuvi – metabolizm ikki xil jarayonning yig‘indisi: 1) assimilyatsiya – sintez reaksiyalari, masalan, oqsil biosintezi, fotosintez. Bu jarayonda energiya sarflanadi; 2) dissimilyatsiya – parchalanish reaksiyalari, masalan, ovqat hazm qilish sistemasida oqsil, yog‘, uglevodlarning o‘z tarkibiy qismlarigacha parchalanishi. Bunda energiya hosil bo‘ladi.
2. Oziqlanish – tirik organizmlar oziqlanishiga ko‘ra 2 guruhga bo‘ linadi: 1) avtotrof – bunga o‘z oziqasini o‘zi sintezlaydigan yashil o‘simliklar va ayrim bakteriyalar misol bo‘ladi; 2) geterotrof – tayyor ozuqa bilan oziqlanadigan organizmlar. Ularga ko‘pchilik bakteriyalar, zamburug‘ va hayvonlar kiradi (3-rasm).
3. Nafas olish – ko‘pchilik tirik organizmlar kislorod yutib, karbonat angidrid ajratadi. Quruqlikda yashovchi organizmlar atmosferadagi kislorod, suvda yashovchi organizmlar esa suvda erigan kislorod bilan nafas oladi.
MUNDARIJA.
So‘zboshi.
I BOB. BIOLOGIYA TIRIK ORGANIZMLAR HAQIDAGI FAN.
1-§. Biologiya – hayot haqidagi fan.
2-§. Tirik organizmlarning xususiyatlari.
3-§. Biologiyaning o‘rganish usullari.
4-§. Hujayra – tiriklikning asosi.
II BOB. TIRIK ORGANIZMLARNING XILMA-XILLIGI.
5-§. Tirik organizmlar haqida umumiy ma’lumot.
6-§. Bakteriyalar dunyosi.
7-§. Zamburug‘lar dunyosi.
8-§. O‘simliklar dunyosi.
9-§ Tuban o‘simliklar.
10-§ Yuksak o‘simliklar.
11-§. O‘zbekistonda keng tarqalgan dorivor va zaharli o‘simliklar.
12-§. Hayvonot dunyosi.
13-§. Umurtqasiz hayvonlar.
14-§. Umurtqali hayvonlar.
15-§. Odam organlari sistemasi.
III BOB. ORGANIZM VA TASHQI MUHIT.
16-§. Ekologik omillar.
17-§. Inson va tabiat.
18-§. Tabiatni muhofaza qilish.
DARSLIKDA UCHRAYDIGAN AYRIM ATAMALAR IZOHI.
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