Biologiya bo yicha 25 ta savol (va ularning javoblari)

Bots can offer users HTML5 games to play solo or to compete against each other in groups and one-on-one chats; how to work with games in the MTProto API.

Telegram APIs

We offer two kinds of APIs for developers. The Bot API allows you to easily create programs that use Telegram messages for an interface. The Telegram API and TDLib allow you to build your own customized Telegram clients. You are welcome to use both APIs free of charge.

You can also add Telegram Widgets to your website.

Bot API

This API allows you to connect bots to our system. Telegram Bots are special accounts that do not require an additional phone number to set up. These accounts serve as an interface for code running somewhere on your server.

To use this, you don’t need to know anything about how our MTProto encryption protocol works — our intermediary server will handle all encryption and communication with the Telegram API for you. You communicate with this server via a simple HTTPS-interface that offers a simplified version of the Telegram API.

Bot developers can also make use of our Payments API to accept payments from Telegram users around the world.

TDLib – build your own Telegram

Even if you’re looking for maximum customization, you don’t have to create your app from scratch. Try our Telegram Database Library (or simply TDLib), a tool for third-party developers that makes it easy to build fast, secure and feature-rich Telegram apps.

TDLib takes care of all network implementation details, encryption and local data storage, so that you can dedicate more time to design, responsive interfaces and beautiful animations.

TDLib supports all Telegram features and makes developing Telegram apps a breeze on any platform. It can be used on Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, Linux and virtually any other system. The library is open source and compatible with virtually any programming language.

Telegram API

This API allows you to build your own customized Telegram clients. It is 100% open for all developers who wish to create Telegram applications on our platform. Feel free to study the open source code of existing Telegram applications for examples of how things work here. Don’t forget to register your application in our system.

Getting started

Creating an application

How to get your application identifier and create a new Telegram app.

User authorization

How to register a user’s phone to start using the API.

Two-factor authentication

How to login to a user’s account if they have enabled 2FA, how to change password.

QR code login

Error handling

How to handle API return errors correctly.

Handling different data centers

How to connect to the closest DC access point for faster interaction with the API, and things to watch out for when developing a client.

Handling updates

How to subscribe to updates and handle them properly.

Handling PUSH-notifications

How to subscribe and handle them properly.

Channels, supergroups, gigagroups and basic groups

How to handle channels, supergroups, gigagroups, basic groups, and what’s the difference between them.

Channel statistics

Telegram offers detailed channel statistics for channels and supergroups.

Calling methods

Additional options for calling methods.

Uploading and Downloading Files

How to transfer large data batches correctly.

Pagination

How to fetch results from large lists of objects.

Client configuration

The MTProto API has multiple client configuration parameters that can be fetched with the appropriate methods.

Security

Secret chats, end-to-end encryption

Security guidelines

Important checks required in your client application.

Perfect Forward Secrecy

Binding temporary authorization key to permanent ones.

End-to-End Encryption in Voice and Video Calls

Optimization

Client optimization

Ways to boost API interactions.

API methods

Available method list

A list of available high-level methods.

API TL-schema, as JSON

Text and JSON-presentation of types and methods used in API.

Available layer list

A list of available schema versions.

Other articles

Working with bots, using the MTProto API

How to work with bots using the MTProto API.

Commands

Bots offer a set of commands that can be used by users in private, or in a chat.

Buttons

Users can interact with your bot via buttons or even inline buttons, straight from inline messages in any chat.

Menu button

Bots can choose the behavior of the menu button shown next to the text input field.

Inline queries

Users can interact with your bot via inline queries, straight from the text input field in any chat.

Games

Bots can offer users HTML5 games to play solo or to compete against each other in groups and one-on-one chats; how to work with games in the MTProto API.

Web apps

Bots can offer users interactive HTML5 web apps to completely replace any website.

Attachment menu

Bots can install attachment menu entries, offering conveniently accessible, versatile web apps.

Search & filters

Telegram allows applying detailed message filters while looking for messages in chats. This allows the server to filter messages based on a text query, and even on their type, and this feature is often used by graphical clients to implement features like the chat gallery, chat profile pictures and more.

Polls

Telegram allows sending polls and quizzes, that can be voted on by thousands, if not millions of users in chats and channels.

Reactions

Telegram allows users to react on any message using specific emojis, triggering cute lottie animations.

Emoji status

Telegram allows users to set an emoticon or a custom emoji as status, to show next to their name in chats and profiles.

Invite links and join requests

Channels, basic groups and supergroups may have a public username or a private invite link: private invite links may be further enhanced with per-user join requests.

Admin, banned and default rights for channels, supergroups and groups

How to handle admin permissions, granular bans and global permissions in channels, groups and supergroups.

Discussion groups

Groups can be associated to a channel as a discussion group, to allow users to discuss about posts.

Channel comments and message threads

Telegram allows commenting on a channel post or on a generic group message, thanks to message threads.

Admin log

Both supergroups and channels offer a so-called admin log, a log of recent relevant supergroup and channel actions, like the modification of group/channel settings or information on behalf of an admin, user kicks and bans, and more.

Pinned messages

Telegram allows pinning multiple messages on top of a specific chat.

Mentions

Telegram allows mentioning other users in case of urgent duckling matters, and quickly navigating to those mentions in order to read them as swiftly as possible.

Scheduled messages

Telegram allows scheduling messages.

Live geolocations

Telegram allows sending the live geolocation of a user in a chat, optionally setting a proximity alert.

Min constructors

Sometimes, user and channel constructors met in group chat updates may not contain full info about the user: how to handle such constructors.

Account deletion

How to delete a Telegram account.

Imported messages

Telegram allows importing messages and media from foreign chat apps.

Telegram Passport

How to work with Telegram Passport directly using the MTProto API.

Telegram Payments

How to work with Telegram Payments directly using the MTProto API.

Styled text with message entities

How to create styled text with message entities

Working with stickers

Telegram clients support displaying animated, static and video stickers.

Working with custom emojis

Telegram allows including custom animated, static and video emojis directly inside of messages.

Working with animated emojis

Graphical telegram clients should transform emojis into their respective animated version.

Working with animated dice

Telegram supports sending animated dice emojis.

Message drafts

How to handle message drafts

Folders

Working with folders

Top peer rating

If enabled, the rating of top peers indicates the relevance of a frequently used peer in a certain category (frequently messaged users, frequently used bots, inline bots, frequently visited channels and so on).

Handling file references

How to handle file references.

Seamless Telegram Login

Handle Seamless Telegram Login URL authorization requests.

Wallpapers

How to work with chat backgrounds.

Notification sounds

How to work with chat notification sounds.

Message transcription

How to transcribe voice messages.

Web events

When interacting with HTML5 games and the websites of payment gateways, Telegram apps should expose the following JS APIs.

Biologiya bo’yicha 25 ta savol (va ularning javoblari)

Aql va vijdon qiziqishni uyg’otgani kabi, hayotning o’zi ham hamma narsani bilishni istagan insoniyatning qiziqishidan qochib qutula olmaydi. Biologiya qiziqarli fan bo’lishi odatiy holdir, chunki u hayotning o’zi faoliyati bilan bog’liq javoblarni izlaydi.

O’zingizning bilimingizni sinash uchun biologiya bo’yicha 25 ta savol

Quyidagi maqolada siz topasiz biologiya bo’yicha savollar to’plami (ularning javoblari bilan) har qanday talaba yoki ushbu fanga qiziquvchi qanday qilib muammosiz javob berishni bilishi kerak. Shu bilan men boshlayman.

1. Hujayra nima?

Hujayra hayotning asosiy birligi. Hujayra (bir hujayrali) yoki ularning bir guruhi (ko’p hujayrali) tomonidan shakllangan mavjudot to’g’risida gaplashamizmi, bu element doimo mavjud. Ularning funktsiyalari bo’yicha farqlanishi tufayli evolyutsiya tobora murakkablashib borayotgan organizmlarga yo’l ochdi.

• Sizni qiziqtirishi mumkin: “Inson tanasining asosiy hujayralari turlari”

2. Robert Xuk kim edi?

Xuk ingliz olimi bo’lib, ularni birinchi marta ko’rgandan keyin hujayra so’zini yaratgan. Ushbu tadqiqotchi bo’shliqlar tarmog’ini (shuning uchun hujayra nomi) ko’rgan holda, mikroskop bilan qo’ziqorin varag’ini kuzatdi, garchi u buni bu kichik mikroskopik jismlarning haqiqiy funktsiyalari bilan bog’lashga qodir emas edi.

3. Prokaryotik va eukaryotik hujayralarning farqi nimada?

Ikkala katta turdagi hujayralar o’rtasidagi asosiy farq shundaki, prokaryotlarda (masalan, bakteriyalar) ularning ichida biron organoid (funktsiyalarni bajaradigan komplekslar) yo’qligi va ularning genetik moddasi erkin membrana ichida erkinva ökaryotlar singari yadroda emas.

4. Va o’simlik va hayvon hujayralarining farqi?

Biologiya haqidagi bu savolga javob berish oson, katta farqlar shundaki, faqat o’simlik hujayralari hujayralarni devorlariga ega bo’lib, ular o’simliklarni tavsiflovchi qat’iylikni hosil qiladi va fotosintez uchun mas’ul bo’lgan xloroplastlar deb nomlangan organoidlar mavjud.

5. Lui Paster kim edi?

Lui Paster “zamonaviy mikrobiologiyaning otasi” hisoblanadi, chunki uning faoliyati tufayli o’z-o’zidan paydo bo’lish g’oyasini rad etdi, hayot tasodifan paydo bo’lmasligini ko’rsatmoqda. U sterilizatsiya texnikasi bilan ham mashhur: pasterizatsiya.

6. Biogenez nazariyasi nima deydi?

Biologiya haqidagi bu savol avvalgi tadqiqotchiga tegishli, chunki biogenez nazariyasi hayotni yaratish uchun avvalgi hayot zarurligini ko’rsatadi. Ya’ni, hayot yo’qdan paydo bo’lmaydi.

• Sizni qiziqtirishi mumkin: “Biogenez nazariyasi: hayot ko’rinishini tushuntirish

7. “Steril” nimani anglatadi?

Atrof muhit sterilizatsiya qilingan deyish, printsipial jihatdan hayotning barcha shakllari, hatto mikroorganizmlar darajasida ham ushbu muhitdan chiqarib tashlanganligini anglatadi.

8. Charlz Darvin kim edi?

Darvin ingliz tabiatshunosi edi, u Rassel Uolles bilan birga tabiiy tanlanish orqali Biologik evolyutsion nazariya g’oyasini ilgari surdi, kimki omon qolgan bo’lsa, ko’payish uchun ko’proq imkoniyatga ega bo’lishini ta’minlashga harakat qiladigan mexanizm.

• Tegishli maqola: “Biologik evolyutsiya nazariyasi”

9. Biologik evolyutsion nazariya nima?

Darvin bilan bog’liq ravishda evolyutsion nazariya mavjud bo’lib, u bugungi kunda tirik mavjudotlar mavjudligini ko’rsatadi ajdodlarning reproduktiv yutuqlari va muvaffaqiyatsizliklaridagi progressiv o’zgarishlar natijasi. Ushbu g’oyalar turlarning yaratilishini tushuntirishda Xudoning qo’lini yo’q qildi.

10. Genetik material nima?

Biologiya bo’yicha juda muhim savol. Agar siz ilgari hujayra hayotning birligi deb aytgan bo’lsangiz, genetik material uning asosidir. Unda hujayraning yaratilishi uchun ma’lumot, shuningdek, uning barcha funktsiyalari saqlanadi.

11. Replikatsiya, transkripsiya va tarjima nimalarga bog’liq?

Umumiy qoida bo’yicha hujayra o’z ma’lumotlarini DNK shaklida saqlaydi. Ko’payish DNKning bir xil nusxasi hujayra bo’linishi uchun qilinganida sodir bo’ladi. Transkripsiya – bu DNKning xabarchi RNK zanjiriga o’tishi, va tarjima bu ikkinchisining oqsilga o’tishi.

12. Oqsil nima?

Oqsil aminokislotalar zanjiri (AA), bu hujayra o’z funktsiyalarini bajarish uchun vosita sifatida foydalanadi.

13. DNK va RNK o’rtasidagi farq nima?

Men bu savolga juda qisqa javob beraman. Ko’p tafsilotlarga berilmasdan, farqlar tarkibiy va funktsional darajada.

14. Gregor Mendel kim edi?

Mendel edi genetikaning otasi hisoblangan rohib va ​​tabiatshunos uning taniqli no’xat tadqiqotlari uchun, genetik merosning ko’plab sirlarini ochdi.

15. Gen nima?

DNK nuklein kislotalar zanjiridan (NA) iborat. Gen bularning bir qismidir va ma’lum bir oqsilni yaratish uchun ma’lumotni o’z ichiga oladi, asosan.

16. Genetik kod nima?

Genetik material o’z tiliga ega. Oddiy qilib aytganda, DNKni tashkil etadigan ANlarning tartibi, masalan, gen yoki boshlang’ich ketma-ketligi kabi ma’lumotlarni beradi.

17. Eukariotlarda hujayralar aylanishi qanday?

Eukaryotik hujayralar hayot tsikliga amal qiladi va ularning maqsadi hujayralarning bo’linishi. Bu ikkita katta guruhga bo’lingan to’rt bosqichni taqdim etadi: hujayra bo’linish uchun tayyorlanadigan interfeys; va bo’linish bir nechta katakchada sodir bo’lgan M fazasi.

18. Mitoz va meyozning farqlari nimada?

Hujayra bo’linishining ikki turi mavjud, ular asosan natijalari bilan farqlanadi. Mitozda ikkita bir xil hujayralar hosil bo’lsa, mayozda u to’rtta hujayralar bilan tugaydi va ularning har birida ikkita emas, bitta DNK zanjiri bo’ladi.

• Tegishli maqola: “Mitoz va mayoz o’rtasidagi farqlar”

19. Mutatsiya nima?

Ushbu Biologiya savoliga DNKda yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo’lgan xatolardan biri kiradi. Mutatsiya bundan boshqa narsa emas genning ketma-ketligini o’zgartirish, ushbu ma’lumotlarning ma’nosini o’zgartirish.

20. Apoptoz nima haqida?

Ko’payish haqida gapirganda, hujayralar ham hujayralarni o’limini dasturlashtirilgan. Ushbu jarayon apoptoz deb nomlanadi.

21. Metabolizm nima?

Metabolizmga tegishli barcha kimyoviy yoki fizik-kimyoviy reaktsiyalar hujayralar yoki organizmlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladi.

22. Ekotizim nima?

Hayvonlar va o’simliklar kabi barcha tirik mavjudotlar bir-biri bilan ham, ularni o’rab turgan atrof-muhit bilan ham bog’liqdir.Bularning barchasi biz ekotizim sifatida bilamiz.

• Tegishli maqola: “Ekotizimlarning 6 turi: biz Yerda uchraydigan turli xil yashash joylari”

23. Gimnospermalarni angiospermlardan nima farq qiladi?

Ushbu o’simlik bilan bog’liq savolga javob quyidagicha: gimnospermlarda angiospermlardan farqli o’laroq ko’rkam gullar bo’lmaydi.

24. Umurtqasizlarni umurtqali hayvonlardan nimasi bilan farq qiladi?

Boshqa umumiy tasnif, bu holda hayvonot olamiga murojaat qilish, bu umurtqali hayvonlar va umurtqasizlar o’rtasidagi bo’linishdir. Birinchisi suyak tuzilishiga ega, ikkinchisi esa yo’q.

25. Ko’paytirishning qanday turlari mavjud?

Umumiy holda, ko’payishning ikki turi mavjud: jinssiz va jinsiy. Farqi shundaki, ikkinchisida jinsiy hujayralar (masalan, sperma) ishlatiladi.

Matematika fanidan 10 sinf o’quvchilari uchun test 10-sinf matematika

2.Elementlari soniga ko’ra to’plam necha turga bo’linadi?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

3.A= to’plam berilgan bo’lsa, n(A) ni toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

4.U= . To’plam turini aniqlang.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailovqiyinchilikdarajasi 2

5. n(U)=15, n(P)=6 bo’lsa, n(P’)ni toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 3

6. U= , A= bo’lsa, A’ to’plam elementlarini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

7. Venn diagrammasida universal to’plam qanday tasvirlanadi?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

8. A=(2;4;6) va B=(5;7) bo’lsa, bu to’plamlar birlashmasi elementlarini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

9. Rost yoki yolg’on bo’lgan darak gap ….. deyiladi. Nuqtalarni to’ldiring.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

10. Qaysi qatorda mantiqiy bog’lovchi ko’rsatilgan?

*barcha javoblar to’g’ri

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi

11. Qaysi belgi “emas” yoki “ekanligi noto’g’ri” ma’nosini bildiradi?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

12. Qaysi qatorda mulohazalar konyunksiyasi keltirilgan?

*12 soni 3 ga va 4 ga bo’linadi

X-tub son yoki 4 ga bo’linadi.

Sardor ertaga suzishga bormaydi.

x soni 3 ga karrali.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

13. Ushbu mulohazaning simvolini ko’rsating: “Anora kinofilmlarni ko’p ko’rsa, Barno kinofilmlarni ko’p ko’rmaydi.”

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

14. q mulohazaning ….. deb p mulohazaga aytiladi. Nuqtani to’ldiring:

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

15. Kontrapozitsiya bilan teng kuchli mulohazani ko’rsating:

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

16. Geometriya necha qismdan iborat?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi

17. Maktabda o’rganiladigan geometriya qaysi olim nomi bilan yuritiladi?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

18. “Negizlar” asari necha kitobdan iborat?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

19. Teorema necha qismdan iborat bo’ladi?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

20. Aksioma deb nimaga aytiladi?

Isbot talab qiladigan jumla

To’g’ri javob ko’rsatilmagan

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

21. To’g’ri burchakli uchburchakning perimetri 36 sm. Gipotenuzaning katetga nisbati 5:4 . Uchburchak tomonlarini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

22. Uchburchakning tomonlari 13, 14 va 15 sm. Uchburchakning eng kichik balandligini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

23. Masalani yechishning teskari usuli qanday nomlanadi?

geometrik almashtirishlar usuli

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

24. Har doim rost bo’lgan mulohaza nima deyiladi?

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

5. x: Sardor ertaga suzishga boradi. y: Sardor ertaga futbolga boradi. Bu mulohazalardan ¬ (x˄y) mulohazani tuzing

*Sardor ertaga na suzishga, na futbolga boradi

Sardor ertaga na suzishga, na futbolga bormaydi

Sardor ertaga suzishga va futbolga boradi.

Sardor ertaga suzishga yoki futbolga boradi

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

26. Koordinatalar boshidan y=x 2 -4x+3 parabolaning simmetriya o’qigacha bo’lgan masofani toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

27. a̅(0;-4;2) va b̅(2;2;3) vektorlarning skalyar ko’paytmasini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

28. Agar B(-2;-7) nuqta y=kx 2 +8x +m parabolaning uchi bo’lsa, k va m ning qiymatini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 1

29. p , q mulohazalarning dizyunksiyasi to’g’ri ko’rsatilgan qatorni troping

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailov qiyinchilik darajasi 2

30. Yuzi 9 sm 2 bo’lgan doirani o’rab turgan aylana uzunligini toping.

Fan: Algebra .M.A.Mirzaaxmedov, Sh.N. Ismailovqiyinchilikdarajasi1

31. Konversiya bilan teng kuchli mulohazani ko’rsating:

Fan: Geometriya. «B.Haydarov, E.Sariqov,A.Qo`chqorov» qiyinlik darajasi 3

32. Ikkita o`xshash ko`pburchakning yuzlari mos ravishda 64sm 2 va 576 sm 2 bo`lib , birinchisining peremetri 112 sm bo`lsa ikkinchi ko`pburchak peremetrini toping?

Fan: Algebra «SH. Alimov, O.R.Xolmuhammedov» qiyinlik darajasi 2

33. Parabola uchining koordinatalarini toping. 2 +4

Fan: Algebra«SH. Alimov, O.R.Xolmuhammedov» qiyinlik darajasi 2

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