Ingliz tili grammatikasi

5
fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon va o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi shakllarini biz darsliklardagi
maxsus jadvallardan yoki lug‘atdan o‘rganamiz.
Jadvaldagi fe’lning ikkinchi shakli Simple Past shakli, uchinchi shakli
esa Past Participle shaklidir.
Lug‘atlarda esa noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning Simple Past va Past Participle
shakllari fe’lning asosiy shakli va o‘qilishidan keyin kichik qavs ( ) ichida
berilgan bo‘ladi. Kichik qavs ichidagi birinchi shakl fe’lning Simple Past
shakli, ikkinchi shakl esa fe’lning Past Participle shaklidir. Agar kichik qavs
ichida faqat bitta shakl berilgan bo‘lsa, shu bitta shakl ham Simple Past uchun,
ham Past Participle uchun ishlatiladi:
go [gou] 1. v (went; gone) 1) bormoq
send [send] 1. v (sent) 1) jo‘natmoq.
FE’L TURLARI
1. Ma’nosiga va gapdagi vazifasiga ko‘ra fe’llar quyidagi turlarga
bo‘ linadi: asosiy fe’llar, yordamchi fe’llar, bog‘lovchi fe’llar va modal
fe’llar.
2. Asosiy fe’llar (Notional Verbs) mustaqil ma’noga ega bo‘lib, gapda
yakka o‘zi sodda kesim bo‘lib keladi:
He speaks French.
U fransuzcha gapiradi.
They returned yesterday.
Ular kecha qaytib kelishdi.

Ingliz tili grammatikasi

2
TA Q R I Z C H I L A R :
I. Ibragimxo‘jayev
— TDIU 2-son chet tillari kafedrasi mudiri.
Sh. Oripov
— Toshkent sh., xorijiy tillar litseyi direktori.
R. Qiyomov
— Qarshi Davlat universiteti ingliz tili leksikasi va gram-
matikasi kafedrasi mudiri, dotsent.
G‘apporov M.
Ingliz tili grammatikasi. Akademik litseylar va kasb-hunar kollejlari
uchun o‘quv qo‘llanma / M. G‘apporov; O‘zR Oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim
vazirligi, O‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limi markazi, O‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar
ta’limini rivojlantirish in-ti. – T.: «Turon-Iqbol» nashriyoti, 2010 – 336 b.
I. Qosimova, Robiya.
BBK 81.2 Angl-2
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining xorijiy ﬁ lologiya, huquqshunoslik, sharq tillari, iqti sod
yo‘nalishlarida ta’lim beruvchi akademik litseylari o‘quvchilariga mo‘ljallangan maz
kur
«Ingliz tili grammatikasi» qo‘llanmasi hozirgi zamon Buyuk Britaniya, AQSH, Rossiya va
O‘z bekiston olimlarining tajribalaridan keng foydalanib yaratilgan.
Qo‘llanmadan akademik litsey va kasb-hunar kollejlari o‘quvchilaridan tashqari ingliz tilini
mustaqil o‘rganuvchilar, oliy o‘quv yurtlariga o‘qishga kirishga tayyorgarlik ko‘rayotganlar
va hatto oliy o‘quv yurtlarining talabalari ham unumli foydalanishlari mum kin.

3
FE’L (THE VERB)
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
Shaxs yoki narsaning harakati yoki holatini ifodalovchi so‘zlar fe’l
deyiladi.

1. Fe’llar sodda, yasama va qo‘shma bo‘ladi:
a) sodda fe’llar tarkibida qo‘shimcha yoki old qo‘shimcha bo‘l-
maydi;
b) yasama fe’llarning qo‘shimchasi yoki old qo‘shimchasi bo‘ladi:
-en: to widen — kengaytirmoq
to strengthen — kuchaytirmoq
-fy: to simplify — sod dalashtir moq
to signify — ifodalamoq, bil dir moq
-ize: to mobilize — jalb qilmoq
to organize — tashkil qilmoq
-ate: to demonstrate — namo yish
qilmoq
un-: to unload — yukni tushirmoq
to untie — yechmoq
re-: to resell — qayta sotmoq
to disappear — g‘oyib bo‘lmoq
to separate — ajratmoq
dis-: to disarm — qurol sizlantir moq
c) Qo‘shma fe’llar ikki so‘zdan yasaladi:
to whitewash — oqlamoq
to broadcast — radioda eshi

Eng keng tarqalgan qo‘shma fe’llar: fe’l + ravish
to come in — kirmoq
to take off — yechmoq
to go on — davom ettirmoq.
Fe’lning shaxsi ma’lum va shaxsi noma’lum shakllari
(Finite and non-ﬁ nite forms of the verb)
Fe’lning shaxsi ma’lum ( Finite Forms), shaxsi noma’lum (Non- Finite
forms or Verbals) shakllari bor.
1. Fe’lning shaxsi ma’lum shakllari shaxs, son, mayl, zamon, nisbatni
ifodalaydi. Ular gapda doimo yakka o‘zi kesim bo‘lib keladi:

4
She lives in London.
U Londonda yashaydi.
He is working in the library.
U kutubxonada ishlayapti .
They were invited to the concert.
Ular konsertga taklif qilinishdi.
My sister was here in the morning.
Mening opam ertalab shu yerda edi.
Buyruq maylidagi fe’llar ham fe’lning shaxsi ma’lum shakliga kiradi,
chunki u gapda tushirib qoldirilayotgan ega you ning kesimidir:
Close the window, please.
2. Fe’lning shaxsi noma’lum shakliga — inﬁ nitiv (the Inﬁ nitive) hara-
kat nomi, gerund (the Gerund) va sifatdosh (the Participle) kiradi. Ularda
shaxs, son va mayl yo‘q va ular gapda mustaqil ravishda kesim bo‘lib kela
olmaydi:
I have come here to speak to you
(inﬁ nitiv gapda maqsad holi).
Men bu yerga siz bilan gaplash-
gani keldim.
We discussed different methods
of teaching foreign languages
(gerund aniqlovchi).
Biz xorijiy tillarni o‘qitishning tur-
li uslublarini muhokama qildik.
The book lying on the table belongs
to Mr. A. (aniqlovchi).
Stol ustida yotgan kitob Mr. A.ga
qarashli.
Fe’lning asosiy shakllari
Ingliz tilida fe’lning uchta asosiy shakli bor: inﬁ nitiv (the Inﬁ nitive),
oddiy o‘tgan zamondagi shakli (Simple Past) va o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi
shakli (Past Participle). Ular barcha zamon shakllarini yasashda ishla-
tiladi.
To‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri fe’llar
1. Fe’llar oddiy o‘tgan zamon (Simple Past) va o‘tgan zamon sifat-
dosh (Past Participle) shakllarining yasalishiga qarab to‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri
fe’llarga bo‘linadi.
2. To‘g‘ri fe’llarning Simple Past va Past Participle shakllari fe’l o‘za-
giga -ed qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan yasaladi.
Inﬁ nitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
to open
to work
to expect
opened
worked
expected
opened
worked
expected

3. Simple Past va Past Participle shakllari -ed qo‘shimchasini qo‘sh masdan,
turli yo‘llar bilan yasaladigan fe’llar noto‘g‘ri fe’llar deyiladi. Noto‘g‘ri

5
fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon va o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi shakllarini biz darsliklardagi
maxsus jadvallardan yoki lug‘atdan o‘rganamiz.
Jadvaldagi fe’lning ikkinchi shakli Simple Past shakli, uchinchi shakli
esa Past Participle shaklidir.
Lug‘atlarda esa noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning Simple Past va Past Participle
shakllari fe’lning asosiy shakli va o‘qilishidan keyin kichik qavs ( ) ichida
berilgan bo‘ladi. Kichik qavs ichidagi birinchi shakl fe’lning Simple Past
shakli, ikkinchi shakl esa fe’lning Past Participle shaklidir. Agar kichik qavs
ichida faqat bitta shakl berilgan bo‘lsa, shu bitta shakl ham Simple Past uchun,
ham Past Participle uchun ishlatiladi:
go [gou] 1. v (went; gone) 1) bormoq
send [send] 1. v (sent) 1) jo‘natmoq.
FE’L TURLARI
1. Ma’nosiga va gapdagi vazifasiga ko‘ra fe’llar quyidagi turlarga
bo‘ linadi: asosiy fe’llar, yordamchi fe’llar, bog‘lovchi fe’llar va modal
fe’llar.
2. Asosiy fe’llar (Notional Verbs) mustaqil ma’noga ega bo‘lib, gapda
yakka o‘zi sodda kesim bo‘lib keladi:
He speaks French.
U fransuzcha gapiradi.
They returned yesterday.
Ular kecha qaytib kelishdi.

3. Yordamchi fe’llar (Auxilliary Verbs) mustaqil ma’noga ega bo‘l-
masdan, fe’lning murakkab shakllarini yasashda yordam beradi. Ular-
ga quyidagi fe’llar kiradi: to be, to have, to do, shall (should), will
(would):
She is working in the garden.
U bog‘da ishlayapti.
I have read the book.
Men kitobni o‘qib chiqdim.
I do not know it.
Men buni bilmayman.
He will speak to his friend.
U do‘sti bilan gaplashadi.
4. Bog‘lovchi fe’llar (Link Verbs) ot-kesim yasashda bog‘lovchi bo‘lib
keladi. Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan bog‘lovchi fe’l to be fe’lidir:
He is an engineer.
U — muhandis.
The box was heavy.
Quti og‘ir edi.
5. Modal fe’llar (Modal Verbs) fe’lning asosiy shakli (inﬁ nitive) bi-
lan birga keladi va asosiy fe’l ifodalagan ish-harakatning sodir bo‘lish im-
koniyatini, ehtimolligini, zaruratini, xohishni bildiradi. Ularga can, may,
must, ought to, need kiradi. Modal fe’llar fe’lning asosiy shakli bilan gap-
da qo‘shma fe’l-kesim bo‘lib keladi:

6
He can read German.
U nemischa o‘qiy oladi.
I must do it at once.
Men buni zudlik bilan qilishim
kerak.
You may come soon.
Siz tezda kelishingiz mumkin.
You ought to help him.
Siz unga yordam berishingiz kerak.
You needn’t go there.
Siz u yerga bormasangiz ham bo‘-
ladi.
Yordamchi fe’llar (Auxiliary verbs)
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1. To be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would) fe’llari yordam-
chi (Auxiliary Verbs) fe’llar deyiladi, chunki ular yordamida fe’lning turli
murakkab shakllari yasaladi. Yuqoridagi fe’llar Simple Present va Sim ple
Past zamonlarining bo‘lishli shaklidan tashqari barcha fe’l zamonlarini
yasashda ishlatiladi. Yordamchi fe’llarning mustaqil ma’nosi bo‘lmaydi,
ma’noni ular bilan birga kelgan asosiy fe’llar beradi. Ular zamonni, shaxsni,
sonni, nisbatni va boshqalarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
I am reading. Men
o‘qiyapman.
They have come. Ular
kelishdi.
Do you speak English?
Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi?
He will return soon.
U tezda qaytadi.
2. Ba’zan to be, to have, shall (should), will (would) fe’llari modal fe’l
ma’nosida kelib zaruratni, istakni, niyatni ifodalaydi.
3. Ba’zan to be bo‘lmoq, to have ega bo‘lmoq, to do qilmoq fe’lla ri
ma’nosida asosiy fe’l bo‘lib ham keladi.
TO BE FE’LI
1. Boshqa fe’llardan farq qilib to be fe’lining Simple Presentda 1-shaxs
birlikda, 3-shaxs birlikda va ko‘plikda alohida-alohida shakllari mav jud: I
am, he (she, it) is, we (you, they) are.
2. To be fe’lining Simple Past zamonda birlik va ko‘plik uchun alohida
shakllari mavjud: I (he, she, it) was, we (you, they) were.
3. Bo‘lishsiz gaplar yasashda to be fe’lining tegishli shaklidan keyin not
inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi: I am not, I was not.
4. So‘roq gaplar yasashda to be fe’lining shakli egadan oldinga o‘tka-
ziladi: Am I? Was I?

7
5. To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom zamonda ishlatiladi: Present Continuous
va Past Continuousda va asosan majhul nisbatda: I am being invited, I was
being invited.
6. To be fe’li Perfect Continuous zamonlarida ishlatilmaydi.
7. To be fe’lining bo‘lishsiz buyruq shakli umumiy qoidaga asosan, uning
oldiga do not (don’t)ni qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Don’t be angry.
Achchig‘ingiz kelmasin.
Don’t be late.
Kechikmang.
8. Og‘zaki nutqda Simple Presentning bo‘lishli shaklida odatda quyidagi
qisqartirmalar yuz beradi:
I am =I’m
We are = we’re
you are = you’re
You are = you’re
He is =he’s
She is = she’s
It is = it’s
They are = they’re
Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlarda quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz
beradi:
I am not = I’m not
He is not = he’s not yoki he isn’t
She is not = she’s not yoki she isn’t
It is not = it’s not yoki it isn’t
We are not = we’re not yoki we aren’t
You are not = you’re not yoki you aren’t
They are not = they’re not yoki they aren’t
I (he, she, it) was not = I (he, she, it) wasn’t
We (you, they) were not = we(you, they) weren’t
9. To be fe’li yordamchi fe’l bo‘lib keladi:
a) Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi (Present Participle) bilan birga kelib bar-
cha davom (Continuous va Perfect Continuous) zamonlarni yasashda ish-
latiladi:
I am writing a letter.
Men xat yozyapman.
She was doing her lessons at ﬁ ve.
U soat beshda darslarini qila-
yotgan edi.
I shall be working at three
o’clock.
Men soat uchda ishlayotgan bo‘-
laman.
It has been raining since mor ning.
Ertalabdan buyon yomg‘ir yog‘-
yapti.
b) O‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle) bilan birga kelib majhul
nisbatning barcha zamonlarini yasaydi:

8
He is often invited there.
Uni u yerga tez-tez taklif qili-
shadi.
He was asked a difﬁ cult question.
Undan qiyin savol so‘rashdi.
The translation will be ﬁ nished to-
morrow.
Tarjima ertaga tamom qilinadi.
10. To be fe’li ot-kesimlarda bog‘lovchi bo‘lib keladi va -dir, edi, bo‘-
ladi deb tarjima qilinadi. O‘zbek tilida hozirgi zamonda ko‘pincha tu shib
qoladi:
He is an engineer.
U — muhandis.
He is the best student in the ﬁ rst
course.
U birinchi kursda eng yaxshi ta-
laba.
The story was interesting.
Hikoya qiziq edi.
She will be a teacher next year.
U kelasi yili o‘qituvchi bo‘ladi.
The task of our representatives was
to ship the goods immediately.
Vakillarimizning vazifasi mollarni
zudlik bilan yuklash edi.
1. To be fe’li asosiy fe’l bo‘lib keladi va bo‘lmoq, joylashmoq ma’nosini
beradi:
He is at the Institute now.
U hozir institutda.
She was in Samarkand during
the summer.
U yozda Samarqandda edi.
I shall be at home tonight.
Men bu oqshom uyda bo‘laman.
Hozirgi zamon bo‘lishsiz shaklda to be fe’li emas deb tarjima qili nadi:
He isn’t at home.
U uyda emas.
They are not in London.
Ular Londonda emas.
2. To be fe’li asosiy fe’lning to yuklamasi bilan kelgan shakli bilan
kelib modallashadi va oldindan kelishilgan yoki rejalashtirilgan zaruratni
ifodalaydi:
am
is
are + to + V
was
were
Bu yerda: V = fe’lning asosiy shakli.
To bening hozirgi zamondagi shakllari am, is, are kerak deb tarjima
qilinadi va hozirgi yoki kelasi zamondagi zaruratni ifodalaydi:
They are to begin this work at
once.
Ular bu ishni darhol boshlashlari
kerak.
He is to come here tomorrow.
U bu yerga ertaga kelishi kerak.

9
To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakllari was, were Simple Inﬁ nitive bilan
kelganda kerak edi deb tarjima qilinadi va ish-harakatni o‘tgan zamonda
bajarish zaruratini ifodalaydi. Bu birikma shu ish-harakatning bajarilgan-
bajarilmaganligiga aniqlik kiritmaydi va bu butun gapdan ma’lum bo‘lishi
mumkin:
I was to send him a telegram,
but I forgot.
Men unga telegramma yubo ri shim
kerak edi, lekin unutibman.
The goods were to be delivered
at the end of the month.
Mollar oyning oxirida yetkazib be-
rilishi kerak edi.
Was, were Perfect Inﬁ nitive bilan kelganda o‘tgan zamonda bajarili shi
kerak bo‘lgan, lekin bajarilmagan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi:

Was
+ to + have + P.P.

Were
Bu yerda:
P. P. = Past Particiciple = O‘tgan
zamon sifatdoshi.
I was to have ﬁ nished my
work yesterday.
Men ishimni kecha tugatishim kerak
edi.
Kelasi zamonda to be zaruratni ifodalash uchun ishlatilmaydi.
Izoh: To bedan keyin majhul nisbatning inﬁ nitivi kelib, zaruratdan tashqari ehtimol likni
ham ifodalashi mumkin.
Such books are to be found in all
libraries.
Bunday kitoblar barcha kutubxonalardan
topilishi mumkin.
Many new beautiful buildings are to be
seen in the streets of our town.
Shahrimiz ko‘chalarida ko‘p yangi
chiroyli binolarni ko‘rish mum kin.
TO HAVE FE’LI
1. To have fe’lining Simple Presentda ikkita shakli bor: 3-shaxs bir-
likda has — he (she, it) has va qolganlar uchun have — I (we, you, they)
have.
2. To have fe’li faqat to have dinner, to have a talk kabi birikmalar da
kelganda davom zamonlarda ishlatiladi:
He was having dinner when I ca-
me.
Men kelganimda u ovqatlana yot-
gan edi.
He is having a talk with his father
in the garden.
U bog‘da otasi bilan suhbat-
lashayapti.
3. To have fe’li yordamchi fe’l bo‘lib keladi va o‘tgan zamon sifatdo shi
(Past Partisiple) bilan birga kelib Perfect zamonlarni yasaydi.

10
Have
Has

+ P. P.
Had
Shall (will) have
I have seen the new ﬁ lm.
Men yangi ﬁ lmni ko‘rdim.
I had ﬁ nished my work by ﬁ ve
o’clock.
Men ishimni beshgacha tugatgan
edim.
I shall have translated the article
by ten o’clock.
Men soat o‘ngacha maqolani tar-
jima qilib bo‘laman.
Present Perfect va Past Perfectda quyidagi qisqartirmalar ishla-
tiladi:
I have written = I’ve written; I have not written = I’ve not written = I
haven’t written; He has written = he’s written; he has not written = he’s
not written = he hasn’t written; I had written = I’d written; I had not writ-
ten = I’d not written = I hadn’t written va hok.
4. To have fe’li bor bo‘lmoq, ega bo‘lmoq ma‘nosida asosiy fe’l bo‘lib
keladi:
I have a good watch.
Mening yaxshi soatim bor.
He had a large library.
Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi.
We shall soon have a new radio
set.
Bizda yaqinda yangi radiopriyom –
nik bo‘ladi.
5. So‘roq shaklni yasashda Simple Present va Simple Pastda to have
fe’lining tegishli shakli eganing oldiga o‘tadi:
Have you a good watch?
Yaxshi soatingiz bormi?
Had he a large library?
Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi –
mi?
Ammo Simple Pastning so‘roq shakli ko‘pincha to do yordamchi fe’li
yordamida ham yasaladi:
Did he have a large library?
Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi
–
mi?
6. To have fe’lining bo‘lishsiz shakli uning sahkllaridan keyin not
yukla masini qo‘yib qisqartirish orqali yasaladi. Simple Present va Simp-
le Pastda qisqartmalar haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t bo‘ladi. Ulardan keyin
dona lab sanaladigan birlikdagi ot noaniq artikl bilan, ko‘plikdagi dona-
lab sanaladigan ot va donalab sanalmaydigan ot any olmoshi bilan ish-
latiladi:

11
I haven’t a watch.
Mening soatim yo‘q.
He hasn’t any books on this sub-
ject.
Unda bu sohada kitoblar yo‘q.
I hadn’t any time to go there.
Mening u yerga borishga vaqtim
yo‘q.
Barcha murakkab shakllarda bo‘lishsizlik not birinchi yordamchi
fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi:
I shall not (shan’t) have any time to go there tomorrow.
I have not (haven’t) had any time to go there today.
Bo‘lishsiz gaplar no olmoshi yordamida ham yasalishi mumkin. Bun-
da no otdan oldin qo‘yiladi va otning oldida artikl ham, any olmoshi
ham qo‘yilmaydi:
I have no watch.
He has no books on this subject.
I had no time to go there.
I’ll have no time to go there tomorrow.
I’ve had no time to go there today.
Bo‘lishsizlikning have (has, had) no shakli ko‘proq ishlatiladi.
Fe’lning bo‘lishsiz shakli esa gapning bo‘lishsizlik ma’nosini oshirishda
ishla tiladi.
Qisqa javob faqat not yuklamasi bilan yasaladi:
Have you a dictionary? – No, I haven’t (have not).
7. Og‘zaki nutqda to have fe’li o‘rnida hozirgi zamonda have (has) got
ishlatiladi: I have = I have got = I’ve got, he (she) has = he (she) has got
= he’s got, she’s got:
I’ve got a large library = I have a
large library.
Menda katta kutubxona bor.
Has he got a good dictionary? = Has
he a good dictionary?
Uning yaxshi lug‘ati bormi?
I haven’t got an English dictionary.
= I have no English dictionary.
Menda inglizcha lug‘at yo‘q.
Agar to‘ldiruvchi kishilik olmoshidan yasalgan bo‘lsa, bo‘lishsiz gap-

larda haven’t, hasn’t emas faqat haven’t got va hasn’t got ishlatiladi.
I haven’t got it.
Undan menda yo‘q.
He hasn’t got them.
Ulardan unda yo‘q.
8. To have fe’li qator otlar bilan birikib keladi va o‘zining dastlabki bor
(ega) bo‘lmoq ma’nosini yo‘qotadi:

12
to have dinner – ovqatlanmoq
to have a rest – dam olmoq
to have breakfast – nonushta qil-
moq
to have a walk – sayr qilmoq
to have supper – kechki ovqatni
yemoq
to have a smoke – chekmoq
to have a talk – gaplashmoq, muzo-
kara olib bormoq
to have a quarrel – janjallash-
moq
to have a good time – vaqtni yaxshi o‘tkazmoq
9. Yuqoridagi iboralarning so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz shakllari Simple Pre-

Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Ingliz tili grammatikasi – ingliz tilining so’z tuzilmalari ( morfologiyasi ) va jumla tuzilmalari ( sintaksisi ) bilan bog’liq printsiplar yoki qoidalar to’plami.

Hozirgi kunda ingliz tilining ko’plab dialektlari orasida grammatik farqlar mavjud bo’lsa-da , bu farqlar so’z va talaffuzning mintaqaviy va ijtimoiy farqlariga nisbatan ancha kichik.

Tilshunoslik bo’yicha ingliz tili grammatikasi (shuningdek, tavsiflovchi grammatika deb nomlanadi) ingliz tilidagi so’zlashuv bilan bir xil emas (ba’zan ” prescriptive grammar” deb ataladi).

“Ingliz tilining grammatik qoidalari, – deydi Jozef Muqalel, -” tilning o’ziga xosligi bilan belgilanadi, lekin foydalanish qoidalari va foydalanish maqsadga muvofiqligi nutq jamoatchiligi tomonidan aniqlanadi “( Ingliz tilini o’rgatish yondashuvlari, 1998).

Misollar va kuzatishlar

“Grammatika jumlalar va so’zlar qanday shakllanishidan tashvishga tushadi.Tipik Inglizcha jumlada grammatikaning ikkita asosiy tamoyilini, narsalarning ( sintaksining ) tartibini va narsalarning tuzilishini ( morfologiyani ) ko’rishimiz mumkin:

Men opamga uning tug’ilgan kuni uchun kozokni berdim.

eng- dan
sekinlashadi
unday emas
ishni bajarish
qora tanli
shafqatsiz-odamsiz

Ba’zan xavf, asta-sekin va adolatli, butun so’zlarni tuzishi mumkin. Biroq, qo’shimchalar mumkin emas: hech qanday so’z yo’q, * ly * un . Har bir so’z kamida bitta yoki bir nechta bazadan iborat; va so’zlar, qo’shimcha ravishda qo’shimchalar bo’lishi mumkin yoki bo’lmasligi mumkin.

Grammatika
Grammatika asoslari: jumla qismlari va jumla tuzilmalari
Nutq ingliz va ingliz tilida
Grammatikaning o’nta turlari
Grammatika va foydalanish o’rtasidagi farq nima?
Grammatika nima?
Standart Ingliz nima?
Grammatikaning ahamiyati nima?
Nima uchun ingliz tilini o’rganishimiz kerak?

Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Misollar va kuzatishlar

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